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Ice Drinks Western Beef Sparkling Drinks

Liquid intended for human consumption

For the act of consuming a drink, see Drinking. For drinks containing alcohol, run into Alcoholic drinkable.

"Beverage" redirects hither. Not to be confused with Beveridge.

Tea is the second‑well-nigh‑consumed drink in the world, after water.

A beverage (or drinkable) is a liquid intended for homo consumption. In add-on to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in homo civilization. Common types of drinks include plain drinking water, milk, juice, smoothies and soft drinks. Traditionally warm beverages include coffee, tea, and hot chocolate. Caffeinated drinks that contain the stimulant caffeine take a long history.

In addition, alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and liquor, which comprise the drug ethanol, have been role of human culture for more than 8,000 years. Non-alcoholic drinks oft signify drinks that would normally contain booze, such as beer, vino and cocktails, only are fabricated with a sufficiently low concentration of alcohol by book. The category includes drinks that accept undergone an alcohol removal process such every bit non-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines.

Biological science [edit]

When the human body becomes dehydrated, a person experiences thirst. This craving of fluids results in an instinctive need to potable. Thirst is regulated by the hypothalamus in response to subtle changes in the body's electrolyte levels, and also as a result of changes in the volume of blood circulating. The consummate deprivation of drinks (that is, water) will result in death faster than the removal of any other substance besides oxygen.[1] Water and milk have been basic drinks throughout history.[1] Equally water is essential for life, it has also been the carrier of many diseases.[2]

Equally society developed, techniques were discovered to create alcoholic drinks from the plants that were bachelor in different areas. The earliest archaeological show of vino production yet found has been at sites in Georgia (c.  6000 BCE)[3] [4] [v] and Iran (c.  5000 BCE).[half-dozen] Beer may take been known in Neolithic Europe equally far back as 3000 BCE,[seven] and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale.[8] The invention of beer (and staff of life) has been argued to be responsible for humanity'south ability to develop technology and build civilization.[9] [10] [11] Tea probable originated in Yunnan, China, during the Shang Dynasty (1500 BCE–1046 BCE) as a medicinal drink.[12]

History [edit]

Drinking has been a large part of socialising throughout the centuries. In Aboriginal Hellenic republic, a social gathering for the purpose of drinking was known equally a symposium, where watered downward vino would exist drunk. The purpose of these gatherings could exist anything from serious discussions to direct indulgence. In Ancient Rome, a similar concept of a convivium took place regularly.

Many early on societies considered booze a gift from the gods,[13] leading to the creation of gods such equally Dionysus. Other religions preclude, discourage, or restrict the drinking of alcoholic drinks for various reasons. In some regions with a dominant religion the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic drinks is forbidden to everybody, regardless of religion.

Toasting is a method of honouring a person or wishing practiced will by taking a drink.[13] Some other tradition is that of the loving loving cup, at weddings or other celebrations such as sports victories a group will share a drink in a large receptacle, shared by everyone until empty.[xiii]

In East Africa and Yemen, coffee was used in native religious ceremonies. Every bit these ceremonies conflicted with the beliefs of the Christian church building, the Ethiopian Church building banned the secular consumption of coffee until the reign of Emperor Menelik 2.[14] The drink was also banned in Ottoman Turkey during the 17th century for political reasons[15] and was associated with rebellious political activities in Europe.

Production [edit]

A drinkable is a form of liquid which has been prepared for human consumption. The preparation can include a number of different steps, some prior to transport, others immediately prior to consumption.

Purification of water [edit]

Water is the chief constituent in all drinks, and the primary ingredient in most. Water is purified prior to drinking. Methods for purification include filtration and the addition of chemicals, such as chlorination. The importance of purified water is highlighted by the World Health Organization, who point out 94% of deaths from diarrhea – the third biggest cause of infectious decease worldwide at 1.8 million annually – could exist prevented past improving the quality of the victim'south environment, especially safe water.[16]

Pasteurisation [edit]

Pasteurisation is the process of heating a liquid for a flow of time at a specified temperature, then immediately cooling. The process reduces the growth of microorganisms within the liquid, thereby increasing the fourth dimension earlier spoilage. It is primarily used on milk, which prior to pasteurisation is normally infected with pathogenic bacteria and therefore is more likely than whatever other part of the common diet in the developed world to cause illness.[17]

Juicing [edit]

The procedure of extracting juice from fruits and vegetables tin can take a number of forms. Simple burdensome of virtually fruits will provide a significant amount of liquid, though a more intense pressure level can exist applied to get the maximum amount of juice from the fruit. Both burdensome and pressing are processes used in the production of wine.

Infusion [edit]

Infusion is the process of extracting flavours from plant material by allowing the cloth to remain suspended within water. This process is used in the production of teas, herbal teas and tin can be used to gear up coffee (when using a java press).

Percolation [edit]

The name is derived from the word "percolate" which means to cause (a solvent) to pass through a permeable substance especially for extracting a soluble constituent.[18] In the case of coffee-brewing the solvent is water, the permeable substance is the coffee grounds, and the soluble constituents are the chemic compounds that requite java its colour, taste, aroma, and stimulating properties.

Carbonation [edit]

Carbonation is the process of dissolving carbon dioxide into a liquid, such every bit water.

Fermentation [edit]

Fermentation is a metabolic procedure that converts sugar to ethanol. Fermentation has been used past humans for the production of drinks since the Neolithic age. In winemaking, grape juice is combined with yeast in an anaerobic environment to allow the fermentation.[19] The amount of sugar in the wine and the length of time given for fermentation determine the alcohol level and the sweetness of the wine.[20]

When brewing beer, there are iv chief ingredients – water, grain, yeast and hops. The grain is encouraged to germinate by soaking and drying in heat, a process known as malting. It is then milled before soaking again to create the sugars needed for fermentation. This procedure is known as mashing. Hops are added for flavouring, then the yeast is added to the mixture (now chosen wort) to kickoff the fermentation process.[21]

Distillation [edit]

Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Information technology is ane of the methods used in the purification of water. Information technology is also a method of producing spirits from milder alcoholic drinks.

Mixing [edit]

An alcoholic mixed drink that contains 2 or more ingredients is referred to as a cocktail. Cocktails were originally a mixture of spirits, sugar, h2o, and bitters.[22] The term is now often used for most any mixed drinkable that contains alcohol, including mixers, mixed shots, etc.[23] A cocktail today normally contains ane or more kinds of spirit and one or more mixers, such equally soda or fruit juice. Additional ingredients may be sugar, honey, milk, cream, and diverse herbs.[24]

Blazon [edit]

Non-alcoholic drinks [edit]

Ice h2o with a slice of lemon

A not-alcoholic drink is one that contains footling or no alcohol. This category includes depression-booze beer, non-alcoholic wine, and apple cider if they contain a sufficiently low concentration of alcohol past book (ABV). The exact definition of what is "not-alcoholic" and what is not depends on local laws: in the Britain, "alcohol-free beer" is under 0.05% ABV, "de-alcoholised beer" is nether 0.five%, while "low-booze beer" can contain no more than one.2% ABV.[25] The term "soft drink" specifies the absence of alcohol in contrast to "hard drinkable" and "drink". The term "drink" is theoretically neutral, simply often is used in a way that suggests alcoholic content. Drinks such as soda pop, sparkling water, iced tea, lemonade, root beer, fruit punch, milk, hot chocolate, tea, coffee, milkshakes, and tap h2o and energy drinks are all soft drinks.

Water [edit]

Water is the globe'due south nigh consumed beverage,[26] however, 97% of water on Earth is non-drink salt water.[27] Fresh water is establish in rivers, lakes, wetlands, groundwater, and frozen glaciers.[28] Less than 1% of the World's fresh water supplies are attainable through surface water and underground sources which are cost effective to think.[29]

In western cultures, water is often drunk common cold. In the Chinese civilisation, it is typically drunkard hot.[xxx]

Milk [edit]

Milk is regarded as one of the "original" drinks,[31] milk is the primary source of nutrition for babies. In many cultures of the globe, especially the Western world, humans continue to eat dairy milk beyond infancy, using the milk of other animals (especially cattle, goats and sheep) every bit a potable.

Soft drinks [edit]

Carbonated drinks refer to drinks which have carbon dioxide dissolved into them. This can happen naturally through fermenting and in natural water spas or artificially by the dissolution of carbon dioxide nether pressure. The first commercially available artificially carbonated drink is believed to have been produced past Thomas Henry in the late 1770s.[32] Cola, orange, diverse roots, ginger, and lemon/lime are normally used to create non-alcoholic carbonated drinks; sugars and preservatives may be added later.[33]

The most consumed carbonated soft drinks are produced by three major global brands: Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and the Dr Pepper Snapple Group.[34]

Juice and plant drinks [edit]

Fruit juice is a natural product that contains few or no additives. Citrus products such as orange juice and tangerine juice are familiar breakfast drinks, while grapefruit juice, pineapple, apple, grape, lime, and lemon juice are besides common. Coconut water is a highly nutritious and refreshing juice. Many kinds of berries are crushed; their juices are mixed with water and sometimes sweetened. Raspberry, blackberry and currants are popular juices drinks but the percentage of h2o too determines their nutritive value. Grape juice allowed to ferment produces vino.

Fruits are highly perishable so the ability to excerpt juices and store them was of significant value. Some fruits are highly acidic and mixing them with water and sugars or honey was often necessary to make them palatable. Fruits can also be blended with ice and other ingredients to make a smoothie. Early on storage of fruit juices was labor-intensive, requiring the crushing of the fruits and the mixing of the resulting pure juices with sugars before bottling.

Vegetable juices are ordinarily served warm or cold. Unlike types of vegetables tin be used to brand vegetable juice such every bit carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers, celery and many more than. Some vegetable juices are mixed with some fruit juice to brand the vegetable juice taste amend. Many popular vegetable juices, particularly ones with high tomato content, are high in sodium, and therefore consumption of them for wellness must be carefully considered. Some vegetable juices provide the aforementioned health benefits as whole vegetables in terms of reducing risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Plant milk is a full general term for whatever milk-like product that is derived from a plant source. The most common varieties internationally are soy milk, almond milk, rice milk and coconut milk.

Type of fruit potable [35] Percentage of fruit needed in drink Clarification
Fruit juice 100%[36] Largely regulated throughout the globe; 'juice' is oft protected to exist used for merely 100% fruit.[36]
Fruit drink 10%[33] [35] Fruit is liquefied and h2o added.[35]
Fruit squash 25%[35] Produced using strained fruit juice, 45% sugar and preservatives.[35]
Fruit cordial 0%[37] All 'suspended matter' is eliminated by filtration or description.[35] and therefore appears articulate[33] This type of drink, if described every bit 'flavoured,' may not accept any amount of fruit.[37]
Fruit punch 25%[35] A mixture of fruit juices. Contains around 65% sugar.[35]
Fruit syrups - 1 fruit crushed into puree and left to ferment. Is and so heated with sugar to create syrup.[33] [35]
Fruit juice concentrates 100%[35] H2o removed from fruit juice past heating or freezing.[33]
Carbonated fruit drinks - Carbon dioxide added to fruit drinkable.[35]
Fruit nectars[38] xxx%[38] Mixture of fruit lurid, carbohydrate and h2o which is consumed as 'i shot'.[38]
Fruit Sherbets[39] - Cooled drink of sweetened diluted fruit juice.[39]

Sleep drinks [edit]

A nightcap is a drink taken presently before bedtime to induce sleep. For example, a small-scale alcoholic drinkable or a cup of warm milk can supposedly promote a proficient night's sleep. Today, well-nigh nightcaps and relaxation drinks are by and large non-alcoholic beverages containing calming ingredients. They are considered beverages which serve to relax a person. Unlike other calming beverages, such as tea, warm milk or milk with dearest; relaxation drinks almost universally contain more than than one agile ingredient. Relaxation drinks have been known to incorporate other natural ingredients and are ordinarily complimentary of caffeine and booze simply some accept claimed to contain marijuana.

Alcoholic drinks [edit]

A drink is considered "alcoholic" if it contains ethanol, normally known as alcohol (although in chemistry the definition of "alcohol" includes many other compounds). Beer has been a part of human culture for effectually 8,000 years.[40]

Beer [edit]

Beer is an alcoholic drink produced past the saccharification of starch and fermentation of the resulting saccharide. The starch and saccharification enzymes are ofttimes derived from malted cereal grains, most commonly malted barley and malted wheat.[41] Nearly beer is besides flavoured with hops, which add together bitterness and act as a natural preservative, though other flavourings such as herbs or fruit may occasionally exist included. The training of beer is chosen brewing. Beer is the world's most widely consumed alcoholic beverage,[42] and is the tertiary-almost consumed drinkable overall, after water and tea. Information technology is said to have been discovered by goddess Ninkasi around 5300 BCE, when she accidentally discovered yeast after leaving grain in jars that were later rained upon and left for several days. Women have been the primary creators of beer throughout history due to its association with domesticity and it, throughout much of history, being brewed in the home for family consumption. Only in contempo history take men begun to fiddle in the field.[43] [44] It is thought by some to be the oldest fermented beverage.[45] [46] [47] [48]

Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours,[49] and "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served every bit both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.[50] [51] Today, the brewing industry is a global business concern, consisting of several ascendant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries.

Cider [edit]

Cider is a fermented alcoholic drink fabricated from fruit juice, about commonly and traditionally apple juice, but besides the juice of peaches, pears ("Perry" cider) or other fruit. Cider may be made from any variety of apple, but certain cultivars grown solely for use in cider are known equally cider apples.[52] The Uk has the highest per capita consumption of cider, too as the largest cider-producing companies in the world,[53] As of 2006[update], the U.K. produces 600 million litres of cider each year (130 million regal gallons).[54]

Vino [edit]

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes or other fruits. The natural chemic balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, h2o, or other nutrients.[55] Yeast consumes the sugars in the grapes and converts them into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Unlike varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of vino. The well-known variations result from the very complex interactions between the biochemical development of the fruit, reactions involved in fermentation, terroir and subsequent appellation, along with human intervention in the overall process. The last product may contain tens of thousands of chemic compounds in amounts varying from a few percent to a few parts per billion.

Wines fabricated from produce also grapes are usually named after the production from which they are produced (for example, rice wine, pomegranate wine, apple wine and elderberry wine) and are generically chosen fruit wine. The term "wine" can likewise refer to starch-fermented or fortified drinks having higher alcohol content, such every bit barley vino, huangjiu, or sake.

Wine has a rich history dating dorsum thousands of years, with the earliest production then far discovered having occurred c.  6000 BC in Georgia.[4] [56] [5] It had reached the Balkans by c.  4500 BC and was consumed and celebrated in aboriginal Greece and Rome.

From its earliest appearance in written records, vino has besides played an of import function in faith. Red wine was closely associated with blood by the aboriginal Egyptians, who, according to Plutarch, avoided its free consumption equally belatedly as the 7th-century BC Saite dynasty, "thinking it to be the blood of those who had one time battled against the gods".[57] The Greek cult and mysteries of Dionysus, carried on by the Romans in their Bacchanalia, were the origins of western theater. Judaism incorporates it in the Kiddush and Christianity in its Eucharist, while booze consumption was forbidden in Islam.

Spirits [edit]

Spirits are distilled beverages that contain no added saccharide and accept at to the lowest degree 20% alcohol by volume (ABV). Popular spirits include borovička, brandy, gin, rum, slivovitz, tequila, vodka, and whisky. Brandy is a spirit created by distilling wine, whilst vodka may be distilled from any starch- or saccharide-rich plant matter; virtually vodka today is produced from grains such every bit sorghum, corn, rye or wheat.

Hot drinks [edit]

Coffee [edit]

Coffee is a brewed drinkable prepared from the roasted seeds of several species of an evergreen shrub of the genus Coffea. The two near common sources of coffee beans are the highly regarded Coffea arabica, and the "robusta" form of the hardier Coffea canephora. Coffee plants are cultivated in more than lxx countries. In one case ripe, coffee "berries" are picked, processed, and dried to yield the seeds inside. The seeds are then roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor, before being ground and brewed to create coffee.

Coffee is slightly acidic (pH 5.0–v.1[58]) and can have a stimulating consequence on humans because of its caffeine content. Information technology is ane of the near popular drinks in the globe.[59] It can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways. The effect of java on human health has been a subject of many studies; however, results have varied in terms of coffee's relative benefit.[60]

Coffee cultivation first took place in southern Arabia;[61] the primeval credible prove of coffee-drinking appears in the middle of the 15th century in the Sufi shrines of Yemen.[61]

Coffee may take been used socially in the renaissance period of the 17th century.[62] The increasing trades between Europe and North Africa regions made java more widely available to Europeans gathering at social locations that served coffee, peradventure contributing to the growth of coffeehouses.[62]

Hot chocolate [edit]

Hot chocolate, likewise known as drinking chocolate or cocoa, is a heated drink consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener. Hot chocolate may exist topped with whipped cream. Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes chosen drinking chocolate, characterized by less sugariness and a thicker consistency.[63]

The first chocolate drink is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-three,000 years agone, and a cocoa drink was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.[64] [65] The beverage became popular in Europe after beingness introduced from Mexico in the New Earth and has undergone multiple changes since then. Until the 19th century, hot chocolate was even used medicinally to treat ailments such as liver and stomach diseases.

Hot chocolate is consumed throughout the world and comes in multiple variations, including the spiced chocolate para mesa of Latin America, the very thick cioccolata calda served in Italy and chocolate a la taza served in Spain, and the thinner hot cocoa consumed in the U.s.a.. Prepared hot chocolate can be purchased from a range of establishments, including cafeterias, fast nutrient restaurants, coffeehouses and teahouses. Powdered hot chocolate mixes, which tin be added to boiling water or hot milk to make the beverage at home, are sold at grocery stores and online.

Tea [edit]

Main article: Tea

Tea, the second most consumed drink in the world, is produced from infusing stale leaves of the camellia sinensis shrub, in boiling h2o.[66] In that location are many means in which tea is prepared for consumption: lemon or milk and carbohydrate are among the well-nigh common additives worldwide. Other additions include butter and salt in Bhutan, Nepal, and Tibet; bubble tea in Taiwan; fresh ginger in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore; mint in North Africa and Senegal; cardamom in Central Asia; rum to make Jagertee in Key Europe; and coffee to make yuanyang in Hong Kong. Tea is also served differently from land to state: in China and Nihon tiny cups are used to serve tea; in Thailand and the The states tea is oft served cold (as "iced tea") or with a lot of sweetener; Indians boil tea with milk and a blend of spices as masala chai; tea is brewed with a samovar in Iran, Kashmir, Russia and Turkey; and in the Australian Outback it is traditionally brewed in a billycan.[67] Tea leaves can be candy in different ways resulting in a drink which appears and tastes dissimilar. Chinese yellowish and green tea are steamed, roasted and dried; Oolong tea is semi-oxidised and appears green-blackness and blackness teas are fully oxidised.[68]

Mint tea is a popular tisane.

Herbal tea [edit]

Around the world, people refer to other herbal infusions equally "teas"; it is also argued that these were popular long earlier the Camellia sinensis shrub was used for tea making.[69] Leaves, flowers, roots or bark can be used to make a herbal infusion and can be bought fresh, dried or powdered.[seventy]

In civilisation [edit]

Places to beverage [edit]

Throughout history, people accept come together in establishments to socialise whilst drinking. This includes cafés and coffeehouses, focus on providing hot drinks equally well every bit light snacks. Many java houses in the Middle E, and in West Asian immigrant districts in the Western earth, offering shisha (nargile in Turkish and Greek), flavored tobacco smoked through a hookah. Espresso bars are a blazon of coffeehouse that specialize in serving espresso and espresso-based drinks.

In Prc and Japan, the institution would be a tea house, where people would socialise while drinking tea. Chinese scholars have used the teahouse as a identify to share ideas.

Alcoholic drinks are served in drinking establishments, which have different cultural connotations. For example, pubs are key to the civilisation of Uk,[71] [72] Republic of ireland,[73] Australia,[74] Canada, New England, Metro Detroit, South Africa and New Zealand. In many places, especially in villages, a pub tin can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the eye of England. Many pubs are controlled by breweries, so cask ale or keg beer may exist a improve value than wines and spirits.

In contrast, types of bars range from seedy bars or nightclubs, sometimes termed "dive bars",[75] to elegant places of amusement for the elite. Bars provide stools or chairs that are placed at tables or counters for their patrons. The term "bar" is derived from the specialized counter on which drinks are served. Some bars have entertainment on a stage, such as a alive band, comedians, go-go dancers, or strippers. Patrons may sit or stand at the bar and be served past the bartender, or they may sit at tables and be served by cocktail servers.

Matching with food [edit]

Food and drink are often paired together to raise the taste experience. This primarily happens with vino and a civilization has grown up around the procedure. Weight, flavors and textures can either be contrasted or complemented.[76] In recent years, nutrient magazines began to suggest detail wines with recipes and restaurants would offering multi-class dinners matched with a specific vino for each course.[77]

Presentation [edit]

Different drinks take unique receptacles for their consumption. This is sometimes purely for presentations purposes, such as for cocktails. In other situations, the drinkware has practical awarding, such as coffee cups which are designed for insulation or brandy snifters which are designed to encourage evaporation only trap the aroma within the glass.

Many glasses include a stem, which allows the drinker to concur the glass without affecting the temperature of the drink. In champagne spectacles, the bowl is designed to retain champagne's signature carbonation, by reducing the expanse at the opening of the bowl. Historically, champagne has been served in a champagne coupe, the shape of which allowed carbonation to misemploy fifty-fifty more rapidly than from a standard vino glass.

Commercial trade [edit]

International exports and imports [edit]

An of import export commodity, java was the top agricultural export for twelve countries in 2004,[78] and it was the world's seventh-largest legal agronomical consign past value in 2005.[79] Green (unroasted) coffee is one of the most traded agronomical commodities in the world.[fourscore]

Investment [edit]

Some drinks, such as wine, tin can be used equally an alternative investment.[81] This can exist achieved by either purchasing and reselling individual bottles or cases of item wines, or purchasing shares in an investment vino fund that pools investors' upper-case letter.[82]

See also [edit]

  • List of beverages
  • Listing of hot drinks
  • List of national drinks

References [edit]

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Bibliography [edit]

  • Kummer, Corby (August nineteen, 2003). The Joy of Coffee: The Essential guide to Ownership, Brewing, and Enjoying. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN978-0-618-30240-6.

External links [edit]

  • Hana LaRock (30 Aug 2019). "8 of the world'due south nigh unusual drinks". CNN.
  • Beverages at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
  • Health-EU Portal – Alcohol
  • Wikibooks Cookbook
  • Women and Beer: A Forgotten Pairing (National Women's History Museum)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drink